The development of modern ceramics

Lanthanum calcium chromate ceramics are composed of chromium oxide, lanthanum oxide and calcium oxide, lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics are composed of zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, lead oxide, and lanthanum oxide. In addition, there is a large class of cermets formed by adding metals to ceramics, such as oxide-based cermets, carbide-based cermets, boride-based cermets, etc., which are also important varieties in modern ceramics.

In recent years, in order to improve the brittleness of ceramics, metal fibers and inorganic fibers have been added to the ceramic matrix. The fiber-reinforced ceramic composites formed in this way are the youngest but most promising branch of the ceramic family. The body glaze of Jiangxi porcelain from Yongle, Xuande and Qing Dynasty in Ming Dynasty and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty has its own characteristics. The white glaze was the most famous in the Yongle period. The enamel was thick, moist like fat, pure white like jade, and the glaze was smooth and crystal clear; the fetal color was pure white, the fetal texture was delicate, and the thickness was uneven. For example, under strong light, it can be seen that the fetal glaze tends to be pink, flesh red or shrimp red. This feature is not found in other porcelain. The Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty was close to the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, but the glaze color of the porcelain body was completely different. The same vessel is thicker in Yongle and thinner in Xuande. During the Xuande period, the bottoms of large pieces of cutlery were mostly unglazed, and there were often red spots on the exposed tires, commonly known as "flint erythema", as well as rust spots. The imitation Xuande porcelains of the Qing Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng periods did not have this feature. Low toughness cannot cut hard objects, and it is easy to collapse, chip or break when dropped from a high place, so ceramic knives cannot cut, smash, pry, tick, etc. Although in recent years, due to the continuous improvement of product technology, there are The improvement, this can not fundamentally solve the original nature of this product, and after the ceramic is ground into a knife with a large-sized diamond grinding wheel during processing, the thickness becomes thinner and becomes more brittle; and the handle is installed again, and the weight increases. , the anti-fall ability is also weakened.